1.1This guide covers the categories of anchors and anchoring systems and discusses the design principles to be considered in selecting anchors or systems that will resist gravity loads and applied loads.

1.2This guide sets forth basic requirements for the design of stone anchorage and provides a practical checklist of those design considerations.

1.3This guide pertains to:

1.3.1The anchoring of stone panels directly to the building structure for support,

1.3.2The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components after these support systems are attached to the building structure,

1.3.3The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components with stone cladding preassembled before these support systems are attached to the building structure, and

1.3.4The supervision and inspection of fabrication and installation of the above.

1.4Observe all applicable regulations, specific recommendations of the manufacturers, and standards governing interfacing work.

1.5The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

TABLE 1 Dimension Stone Specifications

Stone Type	ASTM Specification
Calcite^A	C503
Dolomite^A	C503
Granite	C615
Limestone^B	C568
Marble (exterior)^B	C503
Quartz-Based^B	C616
Quartzite^A	C616
Quartzitic Sandstone^A	C616
Sandstone^A	C616
Serpentine^A	C503
Serpentine	C1526
Slate (roof)	C406
Slate (walls)	C629
Travertine^A	C1527

^AThis stone type is a subclassification.

^BThis stone type has subclassifications or grades.

TABLE 2 Dimension Stone Test Methods

Measures	ASTM Test Method
liquid porosity and relative density	C97
combined shear with tensile unit strength from bending	C99
ultimate crushing unit strength	C170
primary tensile unit strength from bending	C880
capacity and deflections of panels assembled with their anchors onto their supporting backup structure	C1201
individual anchor strength	C1354
accelerated production of service life	E632

FIG. 1Dowel Anchor

FIG. 2Kerf Anchor

FIG. 3Rod and Plug Anchor

FIG. 4Adhesive Embedded Threaded Anchor

FIG. 5Point Loading Prevention

FIG. 5Point Loading Prevention (continued)

FIG. 6Disc Anchor

FIG. 7Combined Anchor

1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Tables 1 and 2.)